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|per capita = $9,281 (nominal; 75th; 2015) $14,190 (PPP; 89th; 2015)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China )〕 |sectors = agriculture: 9.2%, industry: 42.6%, services: 48.2% (2014) |components = |inflation = 2.0% (2014)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Inflation in China jumps to 6-month high )〕 |poverty = 6.1% (2013) |gini = 46.9 (2014) |edbr = 90th (2015)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Doing Business in China 2014 )〕 |labor = 787.6 million (1st; 2012) |occupations = agriculture: 33.6%, industry: 30.3%, services: 36.1% (2012 est.) |unemployment = 4.1% (Q2 2014) |average gross salary = 4695 CNY ($739) (2015)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Report results )〕 |industries = mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites |exports = $2.34 trillion (2014〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China 2014 trade surplus rockets to record high )〕) |export-goods = Electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, textiles, iron and steel, optical and medical equipment. As well as almost every single category of industrial products. |export-partners = 16.9% 15.5% 6.4% 4.3% (2014 est.) |imports = $1.96 trillion (2014〔) |import-goods = Electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics, organic chemicals |import-partners = 9.7% 8.3% 8.1% 7.8% 5.4% 5% (2014 est.) |FDI = $1.344 trillion (2012)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Foreign Direct Investment in China )〕 |gross external debt = $863.2 billion (2013) |debt = 14.95% of GDP (2015 est.)〔(Public debt ), IMF, accessed on 21 February 2013.〕 |revenue = $2.118 trillion (2013 est.) |expenses = $2.292 trillion (2013 est.) |credit = AA- (Domestic) AA- (Foreign) AA- (T&C Assessment) (Standard & Poor's)〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Standard & Poor's )〕 |reserves = $3.3 trillion (1st; March 2015)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=中国人民银行 - 黄金和外汇储备 (Gold & Foreign Exchange Reserves) )〕 |cianame = ch }} China's socialist market economy〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Changing of the Guard: China’s New Leadership )〕 is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GDP ranking )〕 and the world's largest economy by purchasing power parity according to the IMF, although China's National Bureau of Statistics rejects this claim. Until 2015〔 China was the world's fastest-growing major economy, with growth rates averaging 10% over 30 years. Due to historical and political facts of China's developing economy, China's public sector accounts for more share in the national economy with the burgeoning private sector.〔(''uscc.org'' ).〕〔(''mansfieldfdn.org'' ).〕 China is a global hub for manufacturing, and is the largest manufacturing economy in the world as well as the largest exporter of goods in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China Widens Lead as World’s Largest Manufacturer )〕 China is also the world's fastest growing consumer market and second largest importer of goods in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China: Fastest Growing Consumer Market in the World )〕 China is a net importer of services products.〔(''intracen.org'' ).〕 China is the largest trading nation in the world and plays a vital role in international trade,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China surpasses US as world's largest trading nation )〕 and has increasingly engaged in trade organizations and treaties in recent years. China became a member of the World Trade Organization in 2001.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WTO - China - Member information )〕 China also has free trade agreements with several nations, including China–Australia Free Trade Agreement, China–South Korea Free Trade Agreement, ASEAN–China Free Trade Area, Switzerland and Pakistan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China, Switzerland sign free trade agreement )〕 On a per capita income basis, China ranked 77th by nominal GDP and 89th by GDP (PPP) in 2014, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The provinces in the coastal regions of China〔as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and, mainly, Guangdong〕 tend to be more industrialized, while regions in the hinterland are less developed. As China's economic importance has grown, so has attention to the structure and health of the economy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2011 USC US-China Institute conference on the State of the Chinese Economy, complete schedule and presentations )〕 To avoid the long-term socioeconomic cost 〔(''site resources.world bank.org'' ).〕 of environmental pollution in China,〔(''cfr.org'' ).〕〔https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/worst-air-pollution-in-china-and-the-us/2014/02/02/6362127e-8c5b-11e3-833c-33098f9e5267_graphic.html〕 it has been suggested by Nicholas Stern and Fergus Green of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment that the economy of China be shifted to more advanced industrial development with high-tech, low carbon emissions with better allocation of national resources to innovation and R&D for sustainable economic growth in order to reduce the impact of China's heavy industry. This is in accord with the planning goals of the central government.〔http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Green-and-Stern-policy-paper-May-20141.pdf '...China is...planning to grow its high technology and high value-added industries. It is championing seven “strategic emerging industries”: energy efficient and environmental technologies; new energy; new-energy vehicles; next generation information technology; biotechnology; advanced equipment manufacture; and new materials.'〕 Xi Jinping’s Chinese Dream is described as achieving the "Two 100s": the material goal of China becoming a "moderately well-off society" by 2021, the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party, and the modernization goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by 2049, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic. The internationalization of the Chinese economy continues to affect the standardized economic forecast officially launched in China by the Purchasing Managers Index in 2005. At the start of the 2010s, China became the sole Asian nation to have a GDP (PPP) above the $10-trillion mark (along with the United States and the European Union). As China's economy grows, so does China's Renminbi, which undergoes the process needed for its internationalization.〔http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2013/04/china-global-currency-financial-reform-kroeber/china-global-currency-financial-reform-kroeber.pdf〕 The economy of China has recently initiated Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in 2015. China has been criticized by Western media for unfair trade practices, including artificial currency devaluation, intellectual property theft, protectionism, and local favoritism due to one-party oligopoly by the Communist Party of China with Socialism with Chinese characteristics.〔http://www.ipcommission.org/report/IP_Commission_Report_052213.pdf〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trust-busting in China: Unequal before the law? - The Economist )〕〔http://www.citizenstrade.org/ctc/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/20090428_chinamoreprotectionist_wsj.pdf〕 As of 2015 there was talk of a "slowing" Chinese economy, but that referred to a slowing of the rate of economic growth, not to a recession. The slowdown manifested in industrial regions as excess capacity in basic industries such as steel and cement, in the auto industry as reduced sales. ==Regional economies== China's unequal transportation system—combined with important differences in the availability of natural and human resources and in industrial infrastructure—has produced significant variations in the regional economies of China. Economic development has generally been more rapid in coastal provinces than in the interior, and there are large disparities in per capita income between regions. The three wealthiest regions are along the southeast coast, centred on the Pearl River Delta; along the east coast, centred on the Lower Yangtze River; and near the Bohai Gulf, in the Beijing–Tianjin–Liaoning region. It is the rapid development of these areas that is expected to have the most significant effect on the Asian regional economy as a whole, and Chinese government policy is designed to remove the obstacles to accelerated growth in these wealthier regions. :''See also: List of administrative regions by GDP, List of administrative regions by GDP per capita, and List of cities by GDP per capita.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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